Taps and dies

 How to use Taps and die sets in engineering .

Taps and dies are tools used to create screw threads, which is called threading. Many are cutting tools; others are forming tools. A tap is used to cut or form the female portion of the mating pair e.g. a nut. A die is used to cut or form the male portion of the mating pair e.g. a bolt.

What is tap and die used for in Engineering

 

Taps and dies are tools used to create screw threads, which is called threading

When would you use a tap for a thread 

Tapping is when you threads are cut into a hole. A die set is used to cut threads onto a cylinder bolt. To use a tap or a die, first determine the number of threads per inch TPI of the part to be fixed. A gauge system that has a number of different pins can be used to calculate the TPI of a bolt or nut

Does the hole need to be bigger or smaller , explain why .

It is essential that you drill the correct size hole for the size of tap you plan to use. If the hole is too small, you are more likely to break the tap when trying to cut the threads. If the hole is to large, the tap will go through easily or make poorly defined threads that are shallow and easily striped.

Find a chart for A METRIC TAPPING THREAD SIZE.

What are the different types of tap ( taper, intermediate, taper) explain the difference between

them 

    

• Hand Taps

You can buy hand taps from your local hardware store. These are common but are not for CNC work. Compare hand tapping to that with thread taps from the store. You will see that your money was a good investment. The store-bought one performs much better.

There are two kinds of hand taps: taper tap and bottoming tap. They are the following:

• Taper Tap

Taper taps are great for cutting thread. It comes with a lot of tapers so, you can ease into cutting. You can find them almost anywhere.

• Bottoming Tap

Bottoming taps do not have a taper towards the end. This is because it is for threading the bottom of its reach. Bottom taps taper one to one and a half threads.

This type of tap is good for the threading of blind holes, but you should thread the hole with a taper tap before doing it with a bottoming tap.

2. Plug Tap

Plug taps have three to five threads tapered. This number is more in taper taps and less in bottoming taps.

The terminology is not always the same and changes depending on where you are. In some places, the name of the bottoming tap is plug tap. On the other hand, the name of a plug tap is a second tap. That is why you should make sure to get the right one.

3. Power Taps

If you have manual matching work or CNC applications, then this is the right type of thread tap for you.

4. Spiral Point Taps

Spiral point taps have a spiral cut and also relief grooves. This is a common thread tap that looks like the hand. The difference is that the spiral angle of the cutting edges helps to let out the chips. Also, the angled edge performs outstandingly.  

For power tapping, this would be the cheapest threading tap. They are faster than hand taps too. However, it’s hard to work on blind holes with it.

5. Spiral Flute Taps

Spiral flute taps are like endmills in a way as they have open spirals. They are preferable for being able to eject chips out of the hole. Furthermore, this is the one that you should choose if you are dealing with blind holes. 

Also, they are great for holes with interruptions in which there are features that intersect. Plus it’s easy on the hands. You will know that when you compare it with a hand tap.

6. Interrupted Thread Tap

There is a tooth for every other thread in an interrupted thread tap. For this reason, it extracts chips well. The chips escape easily when you use an interrupted thread tap.

7. Pipe Taps

Pipe taps are for pipe threads. You will find both straight pipe taps and tapered pipe taps. The right one depends on whether you want the pipe thread to be tapered or straight.

Pipe taps work hard, as drilling a tapered hole is not an option. More comes off the top and less at the bottom.

8. Form/Roll Taps

A form tap is much better than a cutting tap. Instead of cutting, forming taps cold form, meaning that the metal compresses into place and the threads that come out of it are “roll threads.” 

This leads to durable taps and strong threads. As there is no cutting, there is no chip to remove. Form taps need speeds, feed, and starting hole sizes that vary.

Most people use this type of tap on soft material such as aluminum. However, you can use it on hard material, too. It can deal with 36 HRC or 340 BHN, so you can use it on many types of steel and other material too.

9. Extension Taps

Extension taps have long shanks. This allows you to get to hard to reach holes. “Long shark tap” is another name of this thread tap.

10. Punch Taps

This thread tap uses the technology of Audi and Emuge that allows tapping cycle time to fall 75%. It’s a great tool to have for your thread tapping needs.

If finished add a you tube clip no longer than 3 mins .

 Resources 

https://www.engineeringclicks.com/tap-drill-chart/

Social Studies

 In social studies we are learning about the Treaty of Waitangi.

These are some key words we have been learning 

Word/Kupu	Definition	Picture/pikitia
Treaty	a formally concluded and ratified agreement between states.
Mana	prestige, authority, control, power, influence, status, spiritual power, charisma - mana is a supernatural force in a person, place or object. Mana goes hand in hand with tapu, one affecting the other. The more prestigious the event, person or object, the more it is surrounded by tapu and mana. Mana is the enduring, indestructible power of the atua and is inherited at birth, the more senior the descent, the greater the mana. The authority of mana and tapu is inherited and delegated through the senior line from the atua as their human agent to act on revealed will. Since authority is a spiritual gift delegated by the atua, man remains the agent, never the source of mana. This divine choice is confirmed by the elders, initiated by the tohunga under traditional consecratory rites (tohi). Mana gives a person the authority to lead, organise and regulate communal expeditions and activities, to make decisions regarding social and political matters. A person or tribe's mana can increase from successful ventures or decrease through the lack of success. The tribe give mana to their chief and empower him/her and in turn the mana of an ariki or rangatira spreads to his/her people and their land, water and resources. Almost every activity has a link with the maintenance and enhancement of mana and tapu. Animate and inanimate objects can also have mana as they also derive from the atua and because of their own association with people imbued with mana or because they are used in significant events. There is also an element of stewardship, or kaitiakitanga, associated with the term when it is used in relation to resources, including land and water.
Crown	the monarchy or reigning monarch.
Tangata whenua	local people, hosts, indigenous people - people born of the whenua, i.e. of the placenta and of the land where the people's ancestors have lived and where their placenta are buried.
Iwi	extended kinship group, tribe, nation, people, nationality, race - often refers to a large group of people descended from a common ancestor and associated with a distinct territory.
Colony	a country or area under the full or partial political control of another country and occupied by settlers from that country.
Sovereignty	supreme power or authority.
Rangatiratanga	chieftainship, right to exercise authority, chiefly autonomy, chiefly authority, ownership, leadership of a social group, domain of the rangatira, noble birth, attributes of a chief.
Governorship	the office or position of being governor of a town, region, or public institution.
Kawanatanga	government, dominion, rule, authority, governorship, province.
Taonga	treasure, anything prized - applied to anything considered to be of value including socially or culturally valuable objects, resources, phenomenon, ideas and techniques. Examples of the word's use in early texts show that this broad range of meanings is not recent, while a similar range of meanings from some other Eastern Polynesian languages support this (e.g. Tuamotuan). The first example sentence below was first published in a narrative in 1854 by Sir George Grey, but was probably written in 1849 or earlier.